When it comes to periods, menstruators get creative with their euphemisms: Whether it's "strawberry week" or "red wave," there are numerous expressions that all have one thing in common: they trivialize the topic and signal shame. But why is that? Actually, periods are something completely normal and absolutely nothing to be embarrassed about. In fact, they're more of a blessing and give us the opportunity to give life.
But what actually happens in the female body during the menstrual cycle and how long does it last?
Menstrual cycle – The female cycle at a glance
Essentially, a menstrual cycle begins on the first day of your period and ends on the first day of the following period. The word "menstruation" is derived from the Latin "menstruus" (monthly) and "mensis" (month), as the cycle lasts an average of 28 days. Just as every person is unique, so too is the cycle, so anything between 21 and 45 days can occur, and that's perfectly normal!
menstruation
During menstruation, the actual bleeding occurs. Estrogen and progesterone levels drop, and as a result, the upper layers of the uterine lining are broken down and shed.
Follicular phase (before ovulation)
The first phase of the female cycle is also called the "follicular phase" and lasts approximately 10 to 14 days. During this phase, the uterine lining builds up in preparation for ovulation. Hormones are necessary for the egg follicle to mature. Estrogen levels are at their highest now. At the same time, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) rises, enabling follicles to grow in the ovaries. Once the follicle is mature, hormones cause it to rupture, and the egg is transported further into the fallopian tubes. This is where the follicular phase ends, and ovulation occurs—approximately 11 to 16 days before the next period.
Luteal phase (after ovulation)
The subsequent second phase of the menstrual cycle (luteal phase) begins approximately 15 days after the start of the cycle and ends approximately on day 28 or before the next menstruation – provided fertilization does not occur. Here again, every cycle length is as unique as every menstruating woman!
During this phase, the ruptured follicle closes again and forms the corpus luteum, which causes progesterone levels to rise again. Estrogen levels are also high throughout this phase, stimulating the uterine lining to thicken. Due to the increased hormone levels, the milk glands in the breasts also dilate, causing them to swell and become sensitive to touch.
If an egg is fertilized during the luteal phase, the cells surrounding the developing embryo begin producing the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). This hormone contains the corpus luteum, which continues to produce progesterone until the embryo is able to produce hormones on its own. Incidentally, the increased HCG hormone is also responsible for a positive pregnancy test.
If egg fertilization doesn't occur during this phase, the corpus luteum regresses, and progesterone and estrogen levels drop again. A new menstrual cycle begins!
Always seek medical advice
Important note: This article contains only general information and should not be used for self-diagnosis or treatment. It is not a substitute for a consultation with a doctor.
For dry and irritated skin in the intimate area, a suitable intimate care cream is the perfect choice. Our ELANEE Intimate Care Cream moisturizes the external intimate area thanks to valuable oils and regenerating panthenol, protecting it from natural influences such as moisture.
If vaginal dryness occurs during menopause, it is advisable to consult a doctor to determine the cause. Treatment may include hormone preparations, vaginal suppositories for lubrication , or moisturizing creams .
In order to enjoy sexual intercourse despite a dry vagina, there are various creams or lubricants that prevent painful friction.
Moisturizing creams can moisturize the external intimate area. Their ingredients soothe irritated skin and relieve itching. Moisturizing suppositories are available to nourish the mucous membranes and aid regeneration.
If you experience vaginal dryness before your period, there can be various reasons. Hormonal fluctuations, for example, or external factors such as stress, inadequate intimate hygiene, or menstrual products could be the cause. Use an intimate care cream to care for dry skin in the external intimate area. Before your period starts, you can also use vaginal suppositories to moisturize the vaginal mucosa. If vaginal dryness persists during your period, we recommend using menstrual cups . Unlike tampons, they don't need to be replaced as quickly and don't remove additional moisture from the vagina.
Vaginal dryness after childbirth is a normal side effect caused by hormonal changes. A drop in estrogen levels is particularly responsible for this. To alleviate the symptoms, appropriate intimate care products or home remedies can be used. In severe cases, estrogen supplements can also help regulate hormone levels. We recommend consulting your midwife or doctor.
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